South Sudan Army Makes Push Against Rebels as Peace Talks Begin

Refugees who have fled the town say gunshots continued on Tuesday. Smoke billowed from the direction of a village near the border, and the Congolese military deployed troops to prevent armed combatants from crossing into its territory, it said.

South Sudan’s war began in December 2013, pitting troops loyal to Mr. Kiir, an ethnic Dinka, against rebels led by former Vice President Riek Machar, an ethnic Nuer, in fighting that often falls along ethnic lines. The two men signed a peace deal in 2015, but it lasted barely a year.

Tens of thousands have been killed in the past four years, and more than two million people have fled the country for neighboring Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo and other countries, the largest national exodus in Africa in 20 years.

This week, another round of regionally brokered peace talks began in Ethiopia. Since last year’s collapse of the peace deal, Mr. Kiir’s army has scored significant military victories across the country, while the rebels have splintered into competing factions and struggled to gain significant arms supplies.

“The government thinks it is winning the war,” said Alan Boswell, an independent South Sudan researcher. “The opposition sees no reason to join a government that won’t concede any power. It’s very difficult to bridge those two positions.”

More than 300 families have entered the sleepy border town of Aba in the Democratic Republic of Congo since Sunday, according to local officials.

On Tuesday, dozens of people sheltered in a dilapidated church near the border as dark smoke billowed behind them in South Sudan.

Inside the church, Cecelia Senye said she had been boiling maize meal in a village near Lasu when shooting began Sunday night. She left her pot burning on the fire as she grabbed her children and fled through the forest.

“I was only thinking: get to Congo,” she said.

Other families were not as lucky.

William Ayambo, 53, who reached Aba on Monday, was in Lasu’s town center when the attack began. He ran to his house to find his wife and five children, but they were gone. He has not found his family.

“They are all missing,” he said.

The latest round of fighting is the government’s third offensive since late October. The army also took a strategic enclave on the Ugandan border and pushed into rebel areas west of Juba.

“The government can win on the ground, but it’s increasingly empty ground,” said Alex Rondos, the European Union’s special representative to the Horn of Africa. “You extended your territory, but that is politically meaningless.”